Results indicated that at the trial-level, the time that each participant took to answer a mental arithmetic question correlated with the time to maximum pupil dilation and the size of the pupil. The findings of the study demonstrated that researchers can use pupil features to index both static and rapid-time varying aspects of cognition to understand how cognitive processes influence performance. The data provided insights into the consistency of the pupil response and relationships to behavior both within and between individuals - with a unique glimpse into cognitive processes over time rather than in single-session studies, Cohen Hoffing said. The researchers collected repeated measurements from participants on eight separate occasions over four months. Our research program aims to generate knowledge products that enhance usability of this type of data to have greater insight into cognitive processes such as attention and decision making." "Inherent to eye tracking algorithms, pupil size is estimated but rarely used for analytics. "The potential of this research is exciting because eye tracking technologies are becoming universal in both commercial and military contexts," Cohen Hoffing said. The pupil is a unique data source, as it is the only internal organ of the body that brain networks directly modulate and is visible to the outside world. In this research, the team sought to understand the cognitive processes that affect pupil size changes - and the reliability of these relationships - as a foundation to estimate how human cognitive processes and performance can vary in real-world, cognitively challenging tasks, Cohen Hoffing said. PLOS ONE published the team's research on a subset of the data set, "Dissociable mappings of tonic and phasic pupillary features onto cognitive processes involved in mental arithmetic." To make progress on enabling this technology, we wanted to better understand how physiological signals, such as pupil size changes, are related to performance and cognitive states."Ī joint effort between researchers from the Army and the Institute of Collaborative Biotechnologies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, the Cognitive Resilience and Sleep History, or CRASH, project seeks to understand how variations in state (as measured by physiological sensors) influence subsequent performance. Being able to predict a Soldier's mental status before resources are maxed out is an opportunity for an autonomous agent to deploy capabilities to aid the Soldier. "However, our brain's resources are limited. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command's Army Research Laboratory. Russell Cohen Hoffing, a scientist at the U.S. "Humans' brains are amazing, adaptable systems that automatically apply the right cognitive processes to complete a task and initiates each process at the right time," said Dr. Although AI agents can fill gaps in human performance, they are rigid and lack the flexibility inherent to human behavior, which could interfere with teaming. The future Army battlespace will require humans and AI agents to team effectively to accomplish mission-critical goals.
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